Procedure.
1. Weigh empty glass bottle and lighter. Record all weights.
2. Fill empty plastic bucket 3/4 full with water.
3. Take the temperature of water and record.
4. Find out the volume of the glass bottle. This can be done by measuring water in a graduated cylinder and pouring it into the bottle until the bottle is full.
5. Submerge empty glass bottle into water completely and remove all air bubbles. This can be done by tilting the bottle upwards under the water.
6. Submerge lighter into the water and put the top of it into the glass bottle, both underwater. Light the lighter and wait for the gas to collect in the glass bottle. The glass should be about 1/3 full of gas.
7. Put the lid back onto the glass bottle while it is underwater making sure not to let any of the collected gas out. Water and gas should be trapped in the bottle.
8. Weigh the glass bottle with the water and gas.
9. Weigh the lighter.
10. Let the gas out of the bottle and weigh the glass bottle with only water in it.
2. Fill empty plastic bucket 3/4 full with water.
3. Take the temperature of water and record.
4. Find out the volume of the glass bottle. This can be done by measuring water in a graduated cylinder and pouring it into the bottle until the bottle is full.
5. Submerge empty glass bottle into water completely and remove all air bubbles. This can be done by tilting the bottle upwards under the water.
6. Submerge lighter into the water and put the top of it into the glass bottle, both underwater. Light the lighter and wait for the gas to collect in the glass bottle. The glass should be about 1/3 full of gas.
7. Put the lid back onto the glass bottle while it is underwater making sure not to let any of the collected gas out. Water and gas should be trapped in the bottle.
8. Weigh the glass bottle with the water and gas.
9. Weigh the lighter.
10. Let the gas out of the bottle and weigh the glass bottle with only water in it.
Data.
weight of empty glass bottle: 215.0g
weight of lighter before experiment: 17.3g
temperature of water: 24C
weight of glass bottle with water and gas: 444.6g
weight of lighter after experiment: 16.8g
pressure of water based on temperature on table: 22.4mmHg
mass of H2O in bottle: 229.1g
mass of gas: 0.5g
percent of H2O in bottle: 99.7%
pressure of gas: 0.067mmHg
volume of gas in bottle: 28.0mL
molarity of gas: 4950495.05g/mol
weight of lighter before experiment: 17.3g
temperature of water: 24C
weight of glass bottle with water and gas: 444.6g
weight of lighter after experiment: 16.8g
pressure of water based on temperature on table: 22.4mmHg
mass of H2O in bottle: 229.1g
mass of gas: 0.5g
percent of H2O in bottle: 99.7%
pressure of gas: 0.067mmHg
volume of gas in bottle: 28.0mL
molarity of gas: 4950495.05g/mol
Calculations.
Click picture to enlarge.
Conclusion.
In conclusion, there were 4950495.05g/mole of butane. This calculation must be wrong because that is a very high number for the molarity of butane. This could be due to other gases being present in the lighter that skewed the results. The calculations seemed to be correct up until the final molarity was calculated. Nearly 5 million molarity is incorrect for the experiment.
Analysis.
1. The molar mass of the gas based on my calculations was 0.5g.
2. Based on the final molar mass, it would be extremely hard to find a possible formula for the gas. It could be an endless number of carbon and hydrogen bonds. The final answer is very wrong but a possible formula for the gas could be C412540H15.
3. Percent error is shown below.
2. Based on the final molar mass, it would be extremely hard to find a possible formula for the gas. It could be an endless number of carbon and hydrogen bonds. The final answer is very wrong but a possible formula for the gas could be C412540H15.
3. Percent error is shown below.
4. a. Lower; the moles of the gas would have come out as a higher number causing the molarity to be smaller.
b. Lower; if the pressure had not been corrected for water, the pressure would have been assumed as 1atm or 760mmHg. The change in pressure would not have accounted for the amount in the water that could have affected volume since volume and pressure are related.
c. Lower; air bubbles in the water would have increased the volume of gas that was collected. It would have caused the volume to go up which would have impacted everything else since volume and pressure are related.
d. Lower; the lighter not being completely dry would have caused the volume and mass of gas collected to be lower than it was supposed to be since there was also water being weighed. This could have caused the moles of gas to be different which would change the molarity, also.
5. Other gases will have a higher or lower molar mass than butane because they weigh differently. Other gases have other elements that when put together can come out to weighing differently. For example, butane weighs 58g but oxygen gas would only weigh 32g.
6. The substance inside the lighter is a liquid because it is pressurized. As pressure increases, the gas can turn into a liquid. When the gas is released, it reacts with oxygen in the air in a combustion reaction to spark and make fire. The liquid comes out as a gas because it isn't being held under as much pressure anymore.
b. Lower; if the pressure had not been corrected for water, the pressure would have been assumed as 1atm or 760mmHg. The change in pressure would not have accounted for the amount in the water that could have affected volume since volume and pressure are related.
c. Lower; air bubbles in the water would have increased the volume of gas that was collected. It would have caused the volume to go up which would have impacted everything else since volume and pressure are related.
d. Lower; the lighter not being completely dry would have caused the volume and mass of gas collected to be lower than it was supposed to be since there was also water being weighed. This could have caused the moles of gas to be different which would change the molarity, also.
5. Other gases will have a higher or lower molar mass than butane because they weigh differently. Other gases have other elements that when put together can come out to weighing differently. For example, butane weighs 58g but oxygen gas would only weigh 32g.
6. The substance inside the lighter is a liquid because it is pressurized. As pressure increases, the gas can turn into a liquid. When the gas is released, it reacts with oxygen in the air in a combustion reaction to spark and make fire. The liquid comes out as a gas because it isn't being held under as much pressure anymore.