Click the pictures to enlarge them.
Data Table.
Conclusion.
In conclusion, most of the reactants did not react because there was no visible precipitate. However, there were also man reactants that reacted and created a reacted and created a precipitate. They are listed below.
These reactants reacted because when the aqueous solutions mixed, there was a precipitate formed and a reaction was clearly visible.
Discussion of Theory.
The Net Ionic Equation Lab dealt with many concepts involving ions as well as reactions. There are three types of reactions that can take place. One is a precipitation reaction that takes place when two soluble substances are mixed and form a precipitate or insoluble solid. Another is a neutralization reaction where two things react and form water. A third is a gas formation reaction where a gas is formed. There are also acid-base reactions that involve a hydroxide and acid reacting to make a precipitate. A fifth type of reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction where electrons are transferred.
The concept of disassociation was also important during this lab. Disassociation means that ionic compounds completely dissolve into water and the ions separate. Before the compounds dissolve and the ions separate, the equation is called the molecular equation. When the ions disassociate is when the ions turn into a 'soup' and the complete ionic equation can be found by splitting up all aqueous solutions in a reaction. The precipitate is found by using the solubility rules, or rules that tell whether or not a compound is soluble in water. Once the precipitate is found, the spectator ions, or ions that don't take place in the reaction, can be eliminated. If both products are aqueous, the reaction doesn't take place because the 'soup' of ions remains a 'soup' where no ions are attracted to one another. Your final equation with only the necessary parts of the reaction is called the net ionic equation. One example of a molecular equation, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation is found below.
The concept of disassociation was also important during this lab. Disassociation means that ionic compounds completely dissolve into water and the ions separate. Before the compounds dissolve and the ions separate, the equation is called the molecular equation. When the ions disassociate is when the ions turn into a 'soup' and the complete ionic equation can be found by splitting up all aqueous solutions in a reaction. The precipitate is found by using the solubility rules, or rules that tell whether or not a compound is soluble in water. Once the precipitate is found, the spectator ions, or ions that don't take place in the reaction, can be eliminated. If both products are aqueous, the reaction doesn't take place because the 'soup' of ions remains a 'soup' where no ions are attracted to one another. Your final equation with only the necessary parts of the reaction is called the net ionic equation. One example of a molecular equation, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation is found below.
Sources of Error.
- The reaction was not visible. It may have involved a temperature change.
- The color change was to a darker color and was not visible against the black desk.
- Two reactions accidentally mixed on the overhead sheet and caused a reaction.
- There not enough time given to allow a full reaction for some reactants.
- The color change was to a darker color and was not visible against the black desk.
- Two reactions accidentally mixed on the overhead sheet and caused a reaction.
- There not enough time given to allow a full reaction for some reactants.
Analysis Questions.
1. - Nitrates are soluble.
- Most Hydroxides are insoluble and create precipitates.
- Most Chlorides are soluble.
- Most Sulfates are soluble.
- Most Bromides are soluble.
Most cations and anions have an exception that prevents them from being either insoluble or soluble and causes the to be the opposite. For example from the lab, Sulfates bonded to Calcium, Barium and Lead are insoluble because they are the exception to the rule.
2. 10 net ionic equations that occurred:
- Most Hydroxides are insoluble and create precipitates.
- Most Chlorides are soluble.
- Most Sulfates are soluble.
- Most Bromides are soluble.
Most cations and anions have an exception that prevents them from being either insoluble or soluble and causes the to be the opposite. For example from the lab, Sulfates bonded to Calcium, Barium and Lead are insoluble because they are the exception to the rule.
2. 10 net ionic equations that occurred:
3. The three types of metathesis reactions are precipitation reaction, neutralization reaction, and gas formation reaction. In a precipitation reaction, the product formed is a precipitate. In a neutralization reaction, the product formed is water. The net ionic equation shows how water is formed. In a gas formation reaction, the product is neutral and in the form of a gas. There are also acid-base reactions where a hydroxide and acid react to form water and a salt and oxidation-reduction reactions where one or more electron is transferred.
4. Water is a polar molecule meaning that one side is slightly negative (oxygen) and one side is slightly positive (hydrogen). Molecules that are polar, like water, dissolve in water. This "like dissolves like" rule means that two polar molecules will be attracted to each other. For example, water will dissolve with sodium chloride because both sodium chloride and water have a clear positive and negative side. The positive hydrogen from water will be attracted to the negative chlorides from sodium chloride and negative oxygen will be attracted to positive sodium. This allows water to separate and surround the ions from the other compound, therefore separating the compound and dissolving it into water.
5. A double replacement reaction that produces two aqueous products is considered a "no reaction" because to begin with, two aqueous solutions are poured together creating a 'soup' of ions. The 'soup' of ions can then react and bond with one another to make a product. If no product is created and both products are aqueous, the solution has remained a 'soup' of ions where no ions have bonded to form a precipitate.
5. A double replacement reaction that produces two aqueous products is considered a "no reaction" because to begin with, two aqueous solutions are poured together creating a 'soup' of ions. The 'soup' of ions can then react and bond with one another to make a product. If no product is created and both products are aqueous, the solution has remained a 'soup' of ions where no ions have bonded to form a precipitate.